where did all the yams go? :: essays research papers fc

What About All Those Yams?After all those stories and discussions about yams, I was unexpended to see what exactly Nigerians polish off. As an agricultural society, most of their food comes from farming. They do have meat, but yams are the main food component of their diet. Most Nigerians eat a light breakfast and have their main meal in the late afternoon (Chroness). For meats, Nigerians have goat, cow, chicken, turkey, geese, guinea fowls, pigeon, fish, shrimp, crab, and other seafood. For fruits and veggies, they have oranges, bananas, pineorchard apple trees, tangerines, carrots, watermelons, guava, melons, limes, grape fruits, mangos, apple (tinier than American apples and pink and white in color), peppers, tomatoes, onions, peas, and many other things (Chroness). Yams, cocoyams and sweet potatoes are popular in Nigeria. Ah, those yams, also called isu. The image we, as Americans, conjure up when we think of yams is not the same as Nigerian yams. These yams can grown up to 7 feet long and weigh approximately 150 pounds. They have deuce-ace (3) types of yams white, yellowness, and water yams (Gourmet). There are numerous ways to prepare and serve this abundant Nigerian food staple. However, they must be cooked, otherwise they are truly toxic. Plain b crudeed yams, either white or yellow, are peeled, sliced up, usually into pieces about 3 centimeters, and boiled in water with salt. It is accompanied with vegetable oil, palm, oil, eggs, beans, and sometimes soup (Gourmet). Another popular meal is a variation of the above using boiled yams requires pounding the yams and forming small smooth balls with the them, it is eaten with vegetables, meat or fish soup. Nigerians also fry their yams. White or yellow yams are cut up into long thin squares and fried in vegetable oil or palm oil (Lipman). This is usually eaten by itself or occasionally as a side dish. Another dish is ojojo. This dish consists of cut up water yams that are fried in vegetable oil or pal m oil. This dish is also usually eaten on its own(Recipes). Asaro is white or yellow yams peeled, sliced, and diced into small cubes, then cooked with ground tomatoes, peppers, sometimes meat, other spices, and comes out reddish in color (Recipes). Ikokore is similar to asaro, but it is made with different yams. Yes, there are different forms of yams The water yam is softer in texture and, when cooked, it usually comes out a brownish color.

The Striding Apis Bull Essay -- essays papers

The Striding Apis BullThe Apis Bull originated in Memphis, cult of Serapis during the reign of Ptolemy I. Serapis was the god whose friendship with Osiris, the god of the dead, formed the name Asar-Hapi. Asar is the Egyptian name of Osiris and Hapi was the name given to the Apis Bull which was the object of worship at Memphis. The Greeks combined the two unneurotic to form Zaparrus. Even though it is not quite clear, it is certain that Serapis is the shape Apis took after death. Apis is called the life of Osiris, the lord of heaven, tem (with) his horns (in) his head .He is verbalise to give life, strength, and health to thy nostrils forever. At the beginning of the new Empire Osiris and Apis are united by priests of Memphis to represent a funeral character which, at the time, was considered a god of the underworld. This character that was considered to be the god of the underworld was the Apis Bull.There are several different Egyptian myths about the Apis Bull. However, the n early common myths of the Apis Bull are alike. In one myth Apis assisted Isis, Osiriss wife, in searching for the body of Osiris. It was believed by the superannuated Egyptians that the bulls fecundity and generative powers could be transformed to the deceased, ensuring him or her rebirth in the next life. In another Egyptian myth it was express that an Apis Bull was born of a virgin cow that was impregnated by Ptah. The Bull could be recognized by a peculiar white do on his neck, a rump t...

Essay --

Throughout history, industrialism by the west (i.e. England, France, and Spain) has led to many conflicts between them and the indigenous, native, batch whom lived there. One indigenous group of good deal affected by western imperialism is the inseparable Americans in North America. The Europeans that settled onto the New World were confronted by inherent Americans, and were faced with violent conflicts. These conflicts led to a belief that all infixed Americans are savages as well as heathens (Democracy, 2012). This led to the Europeans to start to kill Native Americans, or kick them off of their land and place them onto reservations. Reservations were usually small and unusable land. But, other times, the chief was forced to sign treaties with the Europeans. These treaties usually stated that the Europeans had a right to be on the land, and if they were allowed to have any(prenominal) land as well as do colonize there, no conflict would occur. Yet, after the treaties were signed, the Europeans and Native Americans still had violent conflicts (Democracy, 2012). Today, there are very little Native Americans left in North America. Some of them are very poor, but some of them are rich due to the casinos they own within the reservations upon which they live. The treatment of these people original was harsh as well as cruel, and there is evidence of that at once due to the low population of Native Americans within North America. Another group of indigenous people that have been wrongly treated is the native people of Africa. The indigenous people of Africa were taken over by Western European nations without them knowing. This was because, these western nations had all divided Africa into nations based on their natural resources at a meetin... ...a is also, in association with other organizations that are attempting to assist the Aboriginal people of Australia (Australia, 2013). The Oxfam Australia organization has done much in the way of educ ating the continent of Australia, and the aboriginal callowness within Australia, in order to make the aboriginal culture as a whole strong and to have a more satisfying animateness as well.Australia had been imperialized by the British for their natural resources, and had used the aboriginal people there as well. They took their land, their peoples lives and their way of life, for Britains own gain. The aboriginal population has gone down due to these events, but with the help of organizations like NACCHO, and Oxfam Australia, the aborigines are able to make an attempt to regrow their population. They will also, try to confirm hold as well as reteach their cultural beliefs.

The Lieutenant in Othello Essay -- Othello essays

The Lieutenant in Othello Iago, in the Bards tragedy Othello, detests in an irrational way the very somebody of Cassio. Does Michael Cassio deserve the governorship of the island of Cyprus? What is his relationship with Bianca? Lets look at these and other questions relating to the lieutenant in this essay. David Bevington in William Shakespeare Four Tragedies concludes that it is the daily beauty in the disembodied spirit of the lieutenant which underlies the destructive behavior of the antagonist The daily beauty in Cassios life makes Iago feel ugly by comparison (5.1.19-20), engendering in Iago a profound sense of lack of worth from which he can temporarily find relief only by reducing Othello and others to his own miserable condition. He is adept at provoking self-hatred in others because he suffers from it himself. (223) Blanche Coles in Shakespeares Four Giants comments on the character of Cassio In a casual education of Othello, it may seem that the character of Cassi o is not sufficiently well drawn, because, for reasons connected with his portrayal of Iago, Shakespeare delays the full characterization of Cassio until almost the end of the play. However, we have a function of brief disclosures of his personality that mark him distinctly in his genuine anxiety for Othellos safety, in his abstaining from taking part in the bold and suggestive comments of Iago to the two women as they wait for Othellos ship and, a little later, in his sincere regret about the loss of his reputation after he has partaken of the vino which Iago has forced upon him. (85-86) Cassio makes his first appearance in the play in Act 1 Scene 2, when he is conducting the official business of the... ... another emotional revelation for Michael Cassio. Finally, the ultimate emotional blow to the ex-officer comes when Othello stabs himself and dies This did I fear, but thought he had no weapon / For he was great of heart. As lord governor of the island of Cyprus now, Mich ael Cassio has drive out of the censure of this hellish villain, / The time, the place, the torture. Lodovico appeals to Cassio to let his justice, not his mercy prevail O, enforce it WORKS CITED Bevington, David, ed. William Shakespeare Four Tragedies. New York Bantam Books, 1980. Coles, Blanche. Shakespeares Four Giants. Rindge, New Hampshire Richard metalworker Publisher, 1957. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.

The Economic Botany of Manilkara zapota (L.) Van Royen :: Botany

The Economic Botany of Manilkara zapota (L.) Van RoyenAmerica is well versed in the use of a byproduct of the plant Manilkara zapota (L.) Van Royen, yet few people are aware of this products history. Chewing gum has its origins in the stinting botany of the chicle tree (M. zapota). Throughout Mexico and Central America, the Sapotaceae plant family is recognized for its latex. Manilkara zapota (synonym Achras zapota L.) is an evergreen canopy tree of medium sizing (15-30 meters in height) native to Central America, which is currently cultivated throughout the tropics of the world (Castner, Timme, & Duke, 1998). The Sapotaceae (Soapberry family) belongs to the Ebenales order along with the Ebenaceae, Styracaceae, Lissocarpacee, and Symplocaceae according to the Cronquist establishment of plant classification (Jones & Luchsinger, 1986).Historically, M. zapta was an important source of timber and latex in the new world tropics (Janzen, 1983). The latex is a milk-white exudate produced i n laticifer canals under the phloem bark surface (Simpson & Ogorzaly, 1995). The latex is known as chicle, which had its highest demand during the rubber boom of tropical America in the 1800s. When the United fixs and enormous Brittain established Rubber tree (Hevea spp.) plantations in southeast Asia in 1876, the rubber boom occurred in tropical America. Economies were left helpless and Indian rubber collectors were massacred (Hill, 1996 Stanfield, 1998). The Chicle tree (synonyms Sapodilla, Naseberry, Nispero) was the lone latex plant to economically survive.The Mayan Indians of Mexico and Central America traditionally have chewed the raw chicle latex. Furthermore, Aztec prostitutes loudly snapped their chewing gum to tell their trade during the height of pre-Columbian Aztec civilization (Plotkin, 1993). This custom was common to many Mexicans, including an eccentric political leader from Veracruz. He is Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, eleven time president of Mexico (born 1794, d ied 1876). His armed services prowess is capped by success at the battle of the Alamo (1836), where Santa Annas troops killed Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie (Simpson & Ogorzaly, 1995). His eccentric political ways got him exiled to the West Indies. The U. S. Secretary of State, William Seward, payed Santa Anna a visit in the West Indies. Assuming he gained Sewards trust, Santa Anna sailed to New York in 1866. Santa Annas shipmates stole his money, leaving him stranded in America where Santa Anna was turned away by Secretary of State Seward.The exiled Mexican president was a wise businessman and politician who brought some chicle with him to New York.

Vestibular System :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Vestibular System Athletes must accomplish amazing feats of balance and coordination of the body. As scientist, Mikhail Tsaytin discovered in the 1970s, acrobats can successfully make a two person world tower in the dark, but after adding a third acrobat, not evening the most talented can maintain the balance required to keep the tower intact while in the dark (1). What does darkness have to do with it? The point is that balance relies on at least three signals coming from the body, and one of those is sight. Once you eliminate one of these signals, the body cannot accomplish the required task. In addition to sight, signals coming from muscles and joints, called proprioceptors atomic number 18 sensitive to changes in position. The third contributor to the human tower and the topic of discussion of this paper is the vestibular system. A three-person human tower in the dark must not have decorous training coming from the vestibular and proprioceptive systems to function without vi sion, whereas the two-person tower did have enough information. The ear houses some of the most sensitive organs in the body. The physics of sound is well understood, while the mechanics of how the inner ear translates sound waves into neurotransmitters that then(prenominal) communicate to the brain is still incomplete. Because the vestibular labyrinth and the auditory structure are formed very early in the development of the fetus and the precarious pressure contained within both of them is mutually dependant, a disorder in one of the two reciprocating structures affects the (2). The vestibular system accomplishes three tasks. First, it contributes to an individuals palpate of equilibrium in relation to the force of gravity and thus adds to the subjective sense of motion and spatial orientation. Second, inputs coming from the vestibular system convey information to the bodys muscles and posture. Third, while qualifying and body are in motion, the vestibular system controls eye movements so that images remain steady and in focus. This is called the vestibular-ocular reflex.These tasks are accomplished through the mechnoreceptors of the three semicircular canals, the utricle and the saccule (3). Like the neighboring auditory system, each canal has hair cells that detect minute changes in fluid displacement, but unlike the auditory system, the utricle and the saccule send information to the brain regarding linear acceleration and head tilt. Shaking your head no employs one of these canals. Likewise, there is a canal that detects head movement in the yes position, and there is yet another semicircular canal that detects motion from moving your head from shoulder to shoulder (4).

First Cars Ltd Essay

Critical path analysis is a method that is used to plan out the many activities involved in a project to be able-bodied to find the most efficient way of complete it and how to complete it on time.From a research and development point of view, the decision to go in the lead with this project relies solely on the vituperative path analysis provided by Amy J aces. In light of this, the operations director is rightly concerned about how invaluable the data provided by the over overcritical path analysis is. The arguments for and against seem to be balanced.Therefore, I present the most significant argument of how valuable a critical path analysis which is how Amys data allows the business to be keep a clear outline of when and where money is spent in the project. This take to bes that the critical path analysis will help First Cars plc with their currency flow which would allow them subsequently to be able to plan out c areful pass to ensure they are able to fund the project. This would allow them to under go an investment appraisal before starting the project as they also have specific dates in which each part of the development would be ready.This is vital because of First Cars plcs limited financial reserves it would mean they would be able workout the payback period and the average rate of return which could mean they are able to work out expected profits for the coming class from the which would mean shareholders would feel happier with the business as they are able to see a clear direction in which the business is improving, but most significantly it will show if the project is viable as they will be able to know how quickly it will allow the business to generate cash quickly to ensure they do not face a poor cash flow situation which could see the business dipping into liquidation.Another potential clear of using critical path analysis is that it allows such an important project to be planned thoroughly in order to make sure every boil downg is established properly and on time. This is important because the business has a very clear deadline to make (August 2010) any issues which could mean they are not sacrificeed on time would give in the business failing to reach this deadline. Amy makes it clear that it is important to enter this market early to ensure a strong competitive market congeal because this is so vital it allows the critical path analysis to be used constructively to ensure everyone keeps to the same deadlines, this is because the tasks on the critical path analysis are completed by various other departments meaning the business has a Matrix structure so therefore it is important to highlight how important it is to reach deadlines and a clear outline on what deadlines should be met and how long the project teams have to reach them because there could be confusion due to the overlapping place which is held in a Matrix structure.On the other hand, there is evidence that makes the credibility of the critic al path analysis doubted. The most important argument livelihood this would be the accuracy of the information provided in the diagram. In the case study it says information provided by Amy Jones because of this it is hard to determine if the numbers are correct. Whilst it is important to telephone that this is a completely new venture and there are hardly any competitors there is relatively no previous data to be obtained from competitors, because of this Amy has no where to be able to validate her own data with which could be worrying to the Operations Director because these numbers could have been come up with in thin air with no chance in reality to be reached on time. This concern could stem from the fact that all the data comes from Amy, who is pushing this project passing hard to get through in to production. As the business is relying on this proposal to put the business back on to the road of success having hardly a critical path analysis could be of none value at all t o First Cars plc.Another argument doubting the value of critical path analysis in this proposal is that most of the activities to take place are not in Amys marketing division which could mean she could dishonor the time needed to complete other tasks resulting in the time needed to complete the project being set back by many weeks. Which could mean they do not reach their important deadline of August 2010 which could possibly mean that they have thrown the whole project down the drain this is because it is exceedingly important for the business that they reach the deadline if they want to become a strong competitor in the given market. Not only could the project be in insecurity but the whole of the business if any of the deadlines arent met because it would put them in a poor state regarding their cash flow.All in all, even though the argument seems to be relevantly balanced I believe there is a lot to loss on this project, a considerably amount much than what is at stake to be gained. The project is so unsafe for a business which is already struggling to survive. I think that First Car plc inescapably to hold fire and invest in a project which will guarantee to bring in profits and cash quickly rather than one that is extremely risky with no previous data to compare it on and one that entails extremely high costs cars could be sitting around for years or even weeks in expensive city centres with staff having nothing to do, I suspect it could be a seasonal business in regards to when psyche might want a car and what for. Due to the reasons above I believe that in this case the value of the critical path analysis is extremely poor and that other factors need to be taken in to consideration, I would have liked to have seen more supporting evidence of the payback figures.

Critical Response to “The Crucible” by Arthur Miller Essay

From its ominous opening, to its dad ending, The Crucible by Arthur Miller is a dictation driven by fear and desire, mirroring the McCarthy trials of the Communist hating 1950s. Though its set in 1692, the tone of the function and the themes of superstition, furor, and ruined reputation were very prominently felt during 1953, when the play was published. The title, and the actual item of a crucible, suggests something seemingly solid melting away under immense stress. The hard structure of society in puritanical the States and the spotless reputations of many good folk melt away to nothing in the fire of fear and trials caused by accusations of witchcraft. Miller uses the imagery of the crucible in the play also, in a quote from Mr. Danforth, We burn a hot fire here, it melts down all concealment, though what ends up being revealed is the fear and intolerance that control their society.The protagonist, John Proctor, has before the opening if the play had and ended an affair with the Antagonist, Abigail Williams. In this telling of the beginning of the witch trials, it is Abigails desire for revenge that leads the girls into the woods to set a magic spell against Johns wife Elizabeth. It is dialogue between Abigail and John, and later dialogue of the confession of some of the girls, which reveals the affair between them and Abigails deep desire to consume John back at any cost. John is attempting to right his wrong in the affair between himself and Abigail, but spurning her only causes more tension. When Abigail cannot easily coax john back, and faces punishment for her actions in the woods, she turns the towns fear of witchcraft and the girls hysteria into her own device for revenge, at any cost. The playwright reveals the depth of his timbers Abigails ruthlessness, Johns remorse, and Elizabeths faith, through dialogue. Parentheticals within the text reveal tone and motivation behind simple words said, from emotion words such as enraged to the simple ac t of a character folding their hands or sitting. Miller has worked in these small gestures and nuances in his lines, giving each character a subtext.The characters change as the plot progresses, Abigail goes from dismissing the girls hysteria to using it for her own ends to nearly buying into it herself, beating and hurting herself convinced that what she is doing will win John back and save them both. We see Abigails maniacal strong belief in her own motivations in the scene between her and John alone in the forest.Abigail is convinced John still wants her and will do anything, even incriminate him of witchcraft in the end, to have John for herself and no one else. The conflict between Abigail and John mirrors the larger conflict of the play between the real equity and the truth society in its fear wants to believe. Abigail greed and covetousness is that of their society, and Johns struggle to do the right thing is the plight of the honest man within that society, caught by the t ide of accusation.Each new action within the play such as the initial accusation, the meetings of Abigail and John, and the confession of Mary Warren drive the characters in unalike ways, and their reactions to those actions create a domino effect that further drives the plot and action of the play. THE CRUCIBLE does not have a happy conclusion, Abigail run away from the aversion she has caused and John, along with many other honest people, dies at the hands of the supposed saviors of their society. But a play such as this, and the lesson it teaches, does not need a happy ending. In his play, Arthur Miller has held up a dark mirror to the society of that time and his own, showing how fear and intolerance can kill impeccant people, and people who tout right and just motivations can be the real vehicles of destruction that they seek to stamp out.SourceMiller, Arthur. THE CRUCIBLE. Dramatist Play Service, 1982.

Psychological Contract in the Contemporary Organisation Essay

Every human being is an unique individual. This is an undeniable fact, thus organizations have to research the various antecedences of the mental stimulates amongst employees and the organisation. Employees have antithetic perceptions and thinking over the concept of mental take in charges. genesis Y is slowly filling up the positions in contemporary organisations. Therefore, what are the influencers revolve around this power craving group of people?Research has concluded that employees and employers have different perceptions on course subscribe to and resources (Attridge 2009, 392 Kahn 1990, 708) and even ancestry satisfaction (McShane and Travaglione 2007, 180). Employee breakup has been occurring more and more often nowadays (Bates 2004, 44). Employee engagement is closely linked with the result of the organisation (Medlin and Green 2009, 948 Harter, Schmidt and Killham 2003, 27), where employee disengagement may cause unsatisfactory employee achievement leading to undesirable organisational advancement and financial development.Because of these, organisations should examine the psychological squinchs between them and the employees, especially that of the Generation Y. Psychological Contracts Ppsychological contract is defined as ones beliefs about shared responsibilities and commitments in the frame land of the relationship between employees and the organization (Robert, Kristie and Kathryn 2010, 220). Cyril (2004, 1) mentioned that psychological contracts are the employees mindset about what they look ahead to from the organization and what they feel they should commit to the organization.The psychological contracts emphasize more on the relationship between an employee and employer as a whole rather than traditional salary issues (Robert, Kristie and Kathryn 2010, 220). The concepts of the psychological contract are commitments particularly based on perceived obligations by the others (Robert, Kristie and Kathryn 2010, 220). Whether well expressed or not, the perceived obligations create commitment and function that must be executed for the contract to be affirmed (Robert, Kristie and Kathryn 2010, 220).For instance, the organization making use of a relational psychological contract is responsible to line for the individual fairly, provide hazard free working conditions, allow employees justifiable personal time, and provide adequate materials to accomplish their job. On the contrary, the employee is responsible to accomplish devoted tasks, display a affirmative attitude, boost the reputation of the company, and abide corporate policy (Robert, Kristie and Kathryn 2010, 220).Given so, these obligations do not only encompass on the measurement of work is to be carried out for a certain amount of pay, but also draw in the whole pattern of rights, privileges, and obligations between employee and organisation (Mario Pepur, Sandra Pepur, and Dr. Ljiljana Viducic 2010, 231). For instance, later serving the company f or a number of years, the employee may expect the company not to fire him and similarly, the company may expect that the worker not to asperse companys reputation or leak out confidential secrets to rival companies(Mario Pepur, Sandra Pepur, and Dr.Ljiljana Viducic 2010, 231).Expectations as such are not transcribed into contractual accord between employees and organisation, yet they work as power determinants of behaviour (Mario Pepur, Sandra Pepur, and Dr. Ljiljana Viducic 2010, 231). Literature Review No doubt, the theory on psychological was established in the 1960 by Argyris (Cyril 2004, 1), it is still highly applicable in todays context. Rothbards (2001, 656) empirical study shows that there is a relationship between psychological contracts and employee engagement.Rothbard (2001, 656) mentioned that assistance is the psychological presence and the time spent by the employee contemplating about his responsibilities at work, while absorption is concerned with the affection o f employee to put emphasis on the responsibilities on duties. It is believed that the psychological contract is generally an appropriate and impactful construct that can aid explain, and inform effective management of, contemporary academic work performance and employment relations (Grant, Branka and David 2010, 6).The psychological contract can help both employee and employer to gain awareness on contemporary employment relationships indeed, it has been debated that perceived obligations within the psychological contract are usually more vital to work related attitudes and behaviour than are the official and explicit elements of contractual acknowledgement (Grant, Branka and David 2010, 6-7). Employees trust that the employer has the obligations to facilitate them the sideline career advancement, incremental salary, alary based on the current working efficiency, upgrading, safe long-term employment, opportunities to build their career as well as sustentation in case personal pro blems occur (Mario, Sandra and Dr. Ljiljana 2010, 233). On the other hand, the employees believe that they have the following obligations towards their employer working overtime, staying true, taking initiative to take up recent responsibilities at work, providing a beforehand notice when taking another position, be ready for transfer, rejecting support to rivalry, protecting confidential company information, spending a negligible of two years doing the routine (Mario, Sandra and Dr.Ljiljana 2010, 233).Many studies indicated that personal and psychological factors have significant influence on employees, including biological factors and the work attitudes of employees (Hung-Wen 2010, 92). Hung-Wen (2010, 92) mentioned that Yu suggested work attitude is the level of organizational identification, the levels of fights in current jobs and overall job satisfaction. Therefore, this research explains job satisfaction and work involvement as its two variables (Hung-Wen 2010, 92). comm ercial enterprise SatisfactionJob satisfaction is an assessment of the work and job context by employees (McShane and Travaglione 2007, 116 Spector 1997, 2). Little and Little (2006, 115) deemed job satisfaction as an enjoyable experience or positive emotional condition . They agreed with the research done by Kreitner & Kinicki in 2004 that job satisfaction is associated with job involvement, organizational behaviours and commitment (Little and Little 2006, 115). In an unfavorable effect, it is also associated with turnover and stress.Similarly, experimental studies on 7,939 business units in 36 organizations find out that job satisfaction concludes employee engagement, and are forecasting organisation proficiency (Harter, Schmidt and Hayes 2002, 268). The extended studies by Harter, Schmidt and Hayes (2002, 268) states that it is all important(p) to constantly stress on the degree of employee engagement and contented and happy employees would be very untold actuate in the orga nisation (McShane and Travaglione 2007, 180).Poornima (2009, 35) has given a hypothesis that statistically, there is a strong relationship between age and difference between foreboding and fulfillment levels of employees with regard to monetary and non-monetary compensation practices followed by the organizations (Poornima 2009, 35). The result shown that those aged between 25to28 are not responding positively to monetary motivation. Research shown 85% of the unexampled people want progressive management to inspire them and 52% of them think that the managers are not helping in their development (Robin 2007, 34).Kim (2007, 154) agrees with (Henry 2006, 11) that Generation Y is motivated by the chances to grow and develop, thus they wel fill out comments and feedback. Therefore, Generation Y would expect organisation to enrol them with homework and development program, as well as providing them with feedback for improvement. impuissance to do so, goal is not achieved, thus motivati on of Generation Y decrease. With that, these create job dissatisfaction in Generation Y. Taking consideration of Poomima and Kims studies, Generation Y is a group of people who are more intrinsically driven rather than monetarily motivated.Work Involvement In todays context, organisation should anticipate expectations of their employees through their psychological contracts if they want to gain their loyalty (Mario, Sandra and Dr. Ljiljana 2010, 236). Mario, Sandra and Dr. Ljiljana (2010, 236) agrees to Rousseau that the main difference between bare-assed and old psychological contracts lies in the lack of job security. She proves this by quoting an employee of a telecommunication company who says that It used to be that working for the company meant being part of a family (Mario, Sandra and Dr. Ljiljana 2010, 236).As organisation moves towards the modern era, the junior generations are beginning to fill up most of the positions. Tulgan (2009, 3) shared that Generation Y is so fa r the hardest generation to manage. While organisation expects employee to stay loyal to the company, Generation Y, a group with high expectation and believe in their capability tends to switch jobs to satisfy their hunger for fast career advancement (Tulgan 2009, 3). some other contributing factor to the frequent job switch is the Generation Ys expectation they are constantly looking out for jobs that provide training (Sue and David 2008, 368).Sara and autonomic nervous system (2010, 256) have come up with two hypothesizes. The level of careerism will be emphatically related with psychological contract expectations in account of job description, employment development, training, and monetary rewards. The level of careerism will be cynically related with psychological contract expectations in account of social environment, work- look balance, and employment assurance (Sara and Ans 2010, 256). The first hypothesis does make sense as the three factors mentioned act as a motivator to increase the level of careerism.However, the second hypothesis is countered by the research of Sue and David (2008, 368) which points out that although Generation Y has a desire for defined goals and managerial reinforcement in what is to be done, they also crave for autonomy and flexibility in decision making process. Furthermore, despite being autonomous, they are viewed as being emotionally needy and consequently, continuously looking for acknowledgement and commendation. In terms of work, they are power thirst. However, they do look upon work life balance and if given a choice will choose family and friends rather than work.Evaluation Given the unique characteristics of Generation Y, it is difficult for the organization to determine their psychological contract with the organization, thus making it a challenge for the organization to come up with strategies to motivate and retain these potential job switchers. Demanding for power in workplace, yet craving for work life balances organizations have to come up with end to satisfy these employees before they can be aligned and work towards the same goal. Event such as Bring Your Child to Work promotes work life balance yet not disrupting the normal working procedure.Organizations can consider such event to strike a balance for the employees. Employee disengagement is one of the crucial explanations for organization turnover. With this getting more and more common in the organization (Pech and Slade 2006, 22), management should seek to understand the reasons behind the dissatisfaction and explore the psychological contract between them and the employees to reduce the possible unhappiness, thus creating a conducive work environment. Conclusion The concept of psychological contracts is characterised by dynamic features.They are continuously adjusted to new trends in the working environment. A triumphant resolution to the productive handling of employee engagement kicks off with recognition of the uniqueness of each employee. Accessing the factors influencing their inevitably and perception aft(prenominal) presuming that employees are engaged is an fallacious way and is not very much encouraged. Psychological contracts can encompass various areas such as work involvement and job satisfaction. However, psychological contracts involve many other factors.For instance, human resource practices such as employees relation and welfare, training and development, and compensation and benefits (Saks 2006, 613). Therefore, effective understanding of psychological contracts would require organisations to contemplate the perception of individual employees towards the influencing variables. Franking speaking, how many organisations are prepared to go for the extra mile for the employees? Even though the organizations may acknowledge the logical implication of psychological contracts, it is intricate to get to a mutual understanding for both the organisation and employee.Organisations may only see the link between the understandings of psychological contracts in both aspects with beneficiary outcomes as a theoretical model, thus are not convinced that their employees can make it happen. Every employee is unique. They have different needs and perceptions in terms of psychological contracts with the organisation, which may also change over time. This would also mean that the organizations have to take into consideration of the incalculable factors catering to the different employees. Is this cost and time efficient?Management would rather spend the time on the operations and focus on the visible and instant results. Nevertheless, there are organizations that are still prepared to spend their effort working on psychological aspect in employees. Personally, I feel that understanding of psychological contract is essential to organization success. However, it is very much reliant on the distribution of time, effort and loyalty of the organizations to form a successful understanding an d alignment of the psychological contracts between themselves and their employees.

“Africville” Poem analysis Essay

In Maxine Tynes poem Africville, the theme addressed is despite how the residential district of Africville was completely destroyed, their pride still prospers and remains in the minds and hearts of all its citizens. Tynes uses repetition, olfaction of voice, symbolisation and imagery to dynamically convey the theme. Throughout the poem, Tynes exhibits a universal tone utilize to evoke pain and anger, as well as a more contrasting tone that demonstrates pride. This contrast of the specific tone used is demonstrated by Tynes in the first stanza of the poem We are the dispossessed down(p) of the land/creeping with shadows/with life/with pride (2-5). We are the dispossessed Black of the land/ creeping with shadows generates a feeling of loss which invokes the event in which the citizens of Africville were dislodged from their making love land. The following part of the phrase, With life/with pride contrasts the first half by emitting a sense of pride which effectively conveys a mor e positive aura.This connotation is used to display how the community of Africville still lives on after they were evicted from their Promised Land. In addition to the tone of voice, the speaker uses repetition and well-founded word choice continually in various fragments of the poem. The speaker tells the readers of the poem that No house is Africville. /No road, no tree, no well. (25-26). The word no is repeated throughout the passage to emphasize and convey the theme that Africville is not simply a location, but a part of the community itself. Thirdly, the theme is intensified by the frequent use of symbolism and imagery. It is recognized that the speaker uses imagery to foreshadow how the Africville community is a strong and hopeful society.The last stanza highlights this in the last few lines We wear Our Africville face and scramble and heart. /For all the world. / For Africville. (33-35). Readers notice that the word Our is capitalized. This addresses how the speaker associ ates the Africville community with the impression of importance and high value to the speaker itself. Furthermore, the symbolism plays a crucial role in the poem This park is green but / Black, so Black with community. (15-16). The colour green is used to represent the peaceful community that Africville used to be. Black is used to contrast the Green by associating itself with the evil of the decision to demolish Africville. In conclusion, Tynes uses a combination of literary and figurative languageto convey the theme although Africville is gone, its community lives on.

Biology By2 Revision

Parasitic Nutrition 21 May 2011 1043 = organisms that weather on or in another organism obtaining nourishment at the expense of the host and causing harm.Gut parasite (Taenia solium) = tapeworm primal host = human (eat uncooked infected pork) Secondary host = pig (drainage channels contaminated by human faeces) Adaptations Suckers & hookers (attachment) Body covering (immune responses) Thick cuticle (inhibitory substances = enzymes) Simple body bodys ( riposte) Very thin & swelled surface area ( sustenance absorbed over full-page body surface = diffusion) Male & female fire organs (gut bed only accommodate 1 tapeworm) Number of ballocks produced (increase chance of survival) Eggs have resistant shells (survive until eaten) Dormant embryos can form cysts in organs damage surrounding tissue BY2 edict knave 1 Adaptions to different diets 21 May 2011 1053 Reptiles & Amphibians = swallow food whole Mammals = cut up and chew (palate separates nasal cavity & mouth kept in mouth longer) Carnivore = short gut (easily digest protein) Herbivore = long gut (plant digestion difficult) teething Mechanical digestion = easier to swallow & increases surface area for enzyme action Herbivore Incisors mountainines Lower jaw, cuts against horny pad (upper jaw) Indistinguishable from incisors Carnivore Sharp (tear grade from bone) Large, curved, pointed = seizing prey, killing & tearing flesh Carnassial (slide past each other = garden shears) molars = cutting/crushing) Vertical (open wide to capture & kill prey) Not horizontal (dislocation) Jaw muscles = well certain/powerful (grip firmly on prey/crush bones) Cheek teeth Interlock. (W into M) Worn down = sharp enamel ridges (efficiency). Open roots (grinding) Jaw campaign Other Circular grinding.Horizontal plane Diastema = gap amongst front & side teeth. Tongue moves cut grass to grinding surfaces (cheek teeth) Ruminants Produce most protein eaten by humans eg. Cows/sheep Mutualism/Symbiosis = close associa tion between members of 2 species, both derive round benefit from the relationship. Cant digest cellulose (no cellulose enzymes) Cellulose-digesting bacteria live in gut of cow Separated = food left long enough for digestion, bacteria isolated (optimum pH & check offs) Cellulose digestion Grass chopped (teeth), saliva, cud formed, swallowed initiative stomach = cellulose digesting bacteria (glucose = fermented native acids into blood.Waste = co2 & methane Cud into next region, regurgitated & chewed again 3rd stomach = water soaking up 4th stomach (normal stomach) = protein digestion sensitive intestine = absorption Rumen = greater variety of mutualistic organisms than in caecum More efficient = more(prenominal) complete breakdown of cellulose Bacteria = source of protein when all in(p) BY2 edict Page 2 Digestion 21 May 2011 1135 = the break down of large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules. Physical & chemical. viands passes by alimentary canal wh ere it is digested & absorbed into the body. Digestive enzymes = hydrolases (catalyse hydrolysis of substrate addition of water) Carbohydrates (polysaccharides) disaccharides monosaccharides (Amylase = maltose glucose) Proteins polypeptides dipeptides amino group-acids (peptidase = endo/exo) Fats fatty acids & glycerol (lipase) Mouth (buccal cavity) Mechanical digestion (teeth) Saliva = salivary lands (mucus, salivary amylase & mineral ions = optimum pH slightly alkaline) = lubrication & some protein digestion (amylase = starch maltose) Swallowed as bolus Oesophagus Peristaltic start outions (longitudinal & circular muscles = not under conscious control) Occurs all way through alimentary canal Stomach = muscular sac (2 sphincter muscles = cardiac & pyloric keep food in stomach) Muscles in stomach wall contract rhythmically (mix food with gastric juice = secreted by stomach wall) gastric juice = optimum pH of enzymes (pH2. 0), kills most bacteria, peptidase enzymes = protein polypeptides Pepsinogen (in dynamic) = activated by HCl to active peptidase enzyme Mucus = form lining (protect wall from enzymes & acid/assist apparent movement) Food leaves as chyme Purpose of HCl = optimum pH for enzymes, kill microbes, activate pepsinogen (pepsin) Gastric glands = peptic/chief cells (pepsinogen = inactive until HCl), oxyntic (secretes HCl) & goblet cells (mucus) Small Intestine = duodenum (first 20cm) & ileum Bile = produced in liver, stored in gall bladder, into duodenum via bile duct. = no enzymes.Bile salts = emulsifying lipids (lowers surface tensity = globules droplets surface area) = neutralise acidity = exocrine glands in Pancreas via Pancreatic duct. = Contains enzymes. Trypsinogen Trypsin (Enterokinase) = Endopeptidases (protein peptides) Pancreatic Amylase (starch maltose) Pancreatic Lipase (lipids fatty acids & glycerol) Pancreatic juice Walls of duodenum = Brunners Glands (secrete alkaline juice & mucus) correct pH & lubrication/ protection Enzymes secreted by cells at tips of villi (Crypts of Lieberkuhn) Maltase = Maltose 2 Glucose Sucrase = saccharose glucose & galactose Endopeptidases/Exopeptidases = polypeptides amino acids Endo = quaternary/tertiary smaller polypeptides. Exo = peptides amino acids Absorption Ileum adapted Long BY2 adjustment Page 3 Long Lining folded = large surface area Villi = finger like projections Epithelial cells = surface of villi (microscopic projections microvilli) Large number of mitochondria = lots of cypher required Glucose & Amino-acids = epithelium of villi (diffusion & active transport) into capillary network hepatic portal vein to liver Fatty acids & Glycerol = lacteal (blindly ending lymph capillary) lymphatic system into bloodstream (thoracic duct) Fatty acids, Glycerol & most vitamins = diffusion through epithelial cell membrane Glucose, Amino acids & dipeptides = need ATP (energy) co-transport (Na+ ion) Dipeptides digested intracellularly-pump ions out an d then draws more in carries molecules in with it.Large intestine Caecum, Appendix, Colon & Rectum Water & mineral salts absorbed in colon vitamins secreted by micro-organisms (vitamin K & folic acid (Vitamin B9) Faeces = semi-solid condition (undigested cellulose, bacteria, sloughed cells) defaecation Uses Soluble food products bloodstream tissues (assimilation/provide energy) Glucose = energy release (respiration)/excess stored (fat cells) Amino Acids = protein-synthesis. Cannot be stored (deaminated urea disposed & carbs stored) Lipids = membranes/hormones/excess stored as fat BY2 revision Page 4 Structure of the gut 24 May 2011 0852 Peristalsis = aids movement of food through alimentary canal 1) 2) 3) 4) inhalation Digestion (mechanical = increase surface area/chemical = enzymes, glands in wall/outside wall) Absorption EgestionStructure of Mammalian Gut Outer serosa = layer of connectedness tissue (protection/reduces friction from other organs as it moves) Muscle layer = inner circular/outer longitudinal muscles = peristalsis Sub-mucosa = connective tissue, contains blood/lymph vessels absorption & nerves (co-ordinate muscular contractions peristalsis) Mucosa = innermost layer (lines wall of gut), secretes mucus (lubrication & protection), secretes digestive juices in some regions (stomach)/absorbs food (ileum) Lumen = cavity of gut BY2 revision Page 5 Glands 1) Large glands outside gut secretions pass through tubes/ducts into lumen Eg. Salivary gland, liver, pancreas 2) Glands in form of cells in sub-mucosa Eg.Secrete mucus in duodenum (Brunners glands alkaline juices also) 3) Glands in form of cells in mucosa Eg. Gastric glands(stomach) = gastric juice Crypts of lieberkuhn(in base of villus of small intestine) = enzymes (complete digestion) maltase = maltose Sucrase = sucrose Endopeptidase/exopeptidase = peptides/dipeptides BY2 revision Page 6 Adaptions for nutrition 24 May 2011 0937 Nutrition = obtain energy to maintain life fu nctions and matter to create/maintain structure (from nutrients) autotrophic plants Use simple organic materials CO2 & H2O to manufacture energy & make complex compounds (make own food) provide food for others = producers Green plants build up complex organic molecules eg sugars from CO2 & H2O.Source of energy = sunlight (absorbed in chlorophyll & related pigments) 6CO2 +6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 Use energy from special methods of respiration to synthesize organic food Consume complex organic food material (cannot make own food) = consumers. Take food into bodies and break down by digestion. Usually internal in digestive system. Digested material absorbed (body tissues used by cells) Herbivores/Carnivores/Detritivores Dead/decaying matter no specialized digestive system. Secrete enzymes outside body & absorb. (extracellular digestion). microscopical = decomposers (important recycling valuable nutrients nitrogen) PhotosynthesisPlants/algae/ certain bacteria Autotrophic bacteria Ani mals, fungi, some protoctists & bacteria Most animals Chemosynthesis Heterotrophic Holozoic feeders Saprophytes (saprobionts) Parasites Mutualism (symbiosis) Fungi & some bacteria Tapeworm Organism that live in/on another organism and receive nutrition from it. Host suffers harm. Highly specialized. Cellulose Involves close association between members of2 different species. digesting bacteria Both derive some benefit from the relationship BY2 revision Page 7 Reproductive Strategies 24 May 2011 1008 carriage circle = sequence of revisions through which it passes during its life from origin in reproduction until death. Reproduction = ability to produce other individual(a)s of the same speciesAsexual Rapidly produces large song (identical genetic composition = clone) Binary fission (eg. Unicellular organisms bacteria/amoeba) Budding (eg. Hydra/yeast) Bulbs (eg. Onion/daffodil) Runners (eg. Strawberry) Tubers (eg. Potato) Sexual Involves 2 parents Less speedy than ag amous Offspring are genetically different Fusion of haploid gametes Advantages/Disadvantages Asexual = lack of variety (adapting to environmental change) = if well suited to environment conditions, large numbers of successful type built up quickly Sexual = genetic variety (adapt to environmental change) = development of resistant stage in life cycle (can withstand adverse conditions) = formation of spores, seeds, larvae = dispersal of offspring.Reduces intraspecific competition enables genetic variety to develop as required. = more chance of mutation (complexity of process) Production of Gametes diploid = body cells (mitosis) Haploid = sex cells/gametes (meiosis) Haploid Sperm + Haploid Egg = Diploid Fertilized Egg zygote formed mitosis to grow Male gamete = small& exceedingly motile Female gamete = large/sedentary (presence of stored food) Mammalian eggs have only enough to survive until formation of placenta External Fertilization Discharge gametes direct into sea/freshwat er Considerable wastage = eggs may not encounter sperm Vast numbers of gametes produced Frogs joining of sperm/egg assisted by coupling.Male rubs hind legs on female for her to lay eggs, he immediately releases seminal fluid over them. Amphibians usually terrestrial, mustiness return to water to spread over = external fertilization Internal Fertilization Occurs inside body of female Requires intermittent organ to introduce sperm to females body Less chance of gametes cosmos wasted BY2 revision Page 8 Less chance of gametes being wasted Allows male gamete to be independent of water for movement Fertilized egg can be enclosed with protective covering before leaving female. (Animals lay eggs) Embryos develop within parent and derive nourishment from her (placenta) = greatest adaption (mammals)Development of Zygote Usually outside body easy prey for predators Many eggs produced to ensure some survive Insects, internal fertilization (ensure sperm deposited in females fru itful tract), external development (laid on food source) Evolution of amniote egg (reptiles/birds) = fluid filled cavity, surrounded by membrane & protective shell, encloses embryo within vitellus sac Birds incubate eggs = embryo development (external) Mammals = young retained in mothers womb/uterus (no shell). Embryo nourished from mothers blood supply (placenta). innate(p) in relatively advanced state of development. Parental Care Very little usually Stickleback looks after eggs, defends territory, fans eggs to provide o2 until they hatch Birds & mammals = provide of shelter, feeding, protection from predators, training for adult life. More parental care provided = fewer offspring produced Unisexual/Hermaphrodite Plants = male and female gametes produced in one individual Every individual capable of forming fertilized eggs Possibility of self-fertilization = inbreeding (reduced genetic variability) No intromittent organs special techniques evolved for transferring gam etes Success of Insects Mainly terrestrial Depend on these to pollinate crops Competition for food also Carry disease eg. Malaria Incomplete Metamorphosis (eg. Grasshopper) Egg Intermediate form = nymph (resembles adult smaller) Hard exoskeleton doesnt grow, must shed skin/molt Does this a series of times until it reaches full size Complete metamorphosis (eg.Butterfly/housefly) Egg Lava (specialized for feeding/growing) Pupa/chrysalis complete change Emerges as adult specialized for dispersal and reproduction Plants Simple plants = algae (seaweeds = confined to sea) & mosses & ferns (confined to damp areas -male gamete can swim to egg) Successful plants = conifers & flowering plants (independent of water for reproduction able to colonize land) Flowering plants = morphology (Efficient water carrying xylem vessels & reproduction) Male pollen grains with hard coat = withstand desiccation (transfer to stigma of female affect by environmental conditions) Plants & grass es = small inconspicuous flowers pollen carried by wind Brightly coloured flowers & olfaction = attraction by insects (carry pollen to stigma) BY2 revision Page 9 Brightly coloured flowers & scent = attraction by insects (carry pollen to stigma) Male gametes travel through pollen tube to female part and egg (no longer needs film of water to reach egg) Fertilised egg develops into seed containing food store (with resistant coat) Key to success = relationship with animals (attract insects which pollinate/seed dispersal) & enclosure of eggs in ovary and evolution of seed Can survive adverse conditions Flowering plants are so successful because of Short interval between flower production and setting of seed (few weeks) Seed with food store = embryo develops until leaves are produced above ground (photosynthesis) Seed protects embryo from desiccation & other hazards = resistant coat Leaves deciduous & succulent = decay when filiation to ground humus produced. (rapid recycling o f ions for reuse) BY2 revision Page 10 Translocation 24 May 2011 1441 = transport of soluble organic materials, sucrose and amino acids (bi-directional movement) Products of photosynthesis = bast.From source (area that makes the photosynthate sucrose = leaves) to sink (where needed for growth/storage) bast fiber structure Sieve tubes (adapted for longitudinal flow of material = no nucleus ,have pores =sieve plates allows rapid flow of manufactured food substances) Companion cells (linked to sieve tubes by plasmodesmata with fibres & parenchyma, dense cytoplasm = lots of mitochondria lots of metabolic activity, large nucleus controls activity) Phloem fibres Phloem parenchyma Mass flow hypothesis There is a passive flow of sucrose from source to sink Does not account for observations such as movement in opposite directions at same time & rate Other hypotheses = diffusion, cytoplasmic streaming Evidence for translocation 1) Aphid (greenfly) Feed (proboscis), leave embedded proboscis, liquid = sucrose & amino acids. Sectioning stem shows proboscis is in phloem sieve tube 2) Ringing Experiments Cut off ring of bark (including phloem, leave xylem), immerse in water. Swelling above cut = accumulation of organic solutes, cannot continue. Will eventually die 3) Radioactive isotopes Carbon-14 supplied to plant fixed in glucose upon photosynthesis (14C6H12O6) Stem cut, x-ray = phloem contains radioactivity BY2 revision Page 11

MMB Case Study for Ecommerce Essay

1. The first 5 s drages of customer loyalty MMBs customers argon 80% repeat customers so it would make sense that most of the customers are at the commitment stage. They come back all(prenominal) year. I would say that %5 are in the separation stage because of losing interest in the activity, finding a different company, etc. %80 are in the commitment stage. %1-5 are in the familiarity stage that are repeat customers only havent committed to the company. %10 in the exploration stage because I think this is a big part of gaining customers, you find a lot of customers feeling a new hobby or company out and want to try something new, in this eluding its mountain biking. Also, because the case study said that MMB gets quite a few e-mails from the website. %1-5 of customers I would guess is in the awareness stage.2. E-mail Marketing schema MMB could implement a e-newsletter or a promotional email listing. Could MMB e-mail that list of 60k instead of mailing print? It would cut costs but in time bring awareness to new customers. MMB could also change some of those pictures with their logo on them via e-mail since there have been inquires for them.3. Viral Marketing The pictures that were put on the web site were popular. I would tell Jerry to convince Robin to take more than and sale them on his website with MMBs logo on them. Promotional posters could be sold too. I think the idea with the hats and jackets was a great idea maybe not so much to make a profit but to at least get customers surviveing the gear to get the brand more recognition since so many customers are repeat customers getting them to wear the logo will bring awareness to new customers. Let the repeat customers be walking billboards. Maybe offer the caps and jackets to repeat customers to gain loyalty for every year they return.4. Outline affiliate marketing strategy and 5 websites Using Amazon.com is a good start. Almost everyone is on Amazon and it almost seems like a mandatory requirement for any company. I dont know if MMB could sale something to bigger stores like Big 5 and Dicks clean Goods even if its just a cap on their companies websites. Since Jerry doesnt know a lot about photography getting an affiliate to sale those photos and manage the retail of the jackets and caps could help him. IStockPhoto.com is one of the top stock photo selling companies on the Internet. Getting an ad on Big5.com would reach some athletes looking at to venture into biking.Another great and necessary way to gain customers is by social media. Itd be great for MMB to get a Facebook. Let the customers tag themselves, upload pictures, and comment on the explorations that MMB is doing. Pay Facebook.com to put ads on their website. MMB tried promoting its name in a sporting magazine but why not a specific mountain biking magazine? Or website. Mbaction.com is Mountain Biking Action Magazines website and advertising on there could be more beneficial to MMBs advertising efforts than just a general sporting magazine.

Is Higher Education Worth the Price Essay

When someone hears the term higher education the first thought tends to be college, of course. College has always been thought of as the one-way ticket to a high salary occupation. The historicality of the situation is that while that whitethorn be true in some cases, its not as at large(p) at it seems to receive that ticket aka the Bachelors degree. College tuition is a large amount and its even much expensive to attend college only to hook out. This leaves the student with no degree and vast amounts of debt. That debt is averaging 20,000 dollars for four years of enlightening.Higher education is right for anyone with the dedication to attending and knowing what they be striving for with while doing so. Achieving a Bachelors degree or a B. A. is a worthwhile terminal for just about everyone. Why is it worth the time, effort and money to receive this lambskin? Charles Murray in his article Are Too Many People pass to College? states, Employers value the B. A. because its a no cost (for them) screening device for academic ability and perseverance (pg. 233). The train of thought for employers is that the students with the drive and capabilities to succeed atomic number 18 the ones that will attend college.This makes it close to impossible for a person with only a high school diploma to even be considered for a variety of jobs. Brian Kelly in his article Is College Still Worth It? has come across the same findings as Murray. He reports, Hiring managers will tell you that creative acquaintance and an ability to communicate are more useful in the long term. As a proven work ethic which is why persisting done four years of college is an admirable credential in itself (pg. 8). College is supposed to teach a person how to think and work hard. That is something that any employer values greatly.The greater discover of a fulfilling career isnt the only benefit to receiving a B. A. In 2007 the Census Bureau reported that the amount college alumnus had a yearly income of $57, 181 (Wilson pg. 260). The average high school graduate pulled in around $31, 286 yearly, leaving the college graduates earning around 80% more annually (pg. 260). Wilson also states that according to the Census Bureau the college graduate will earn around one million dollars more than the high school graduate (pg. 260). This is reason enough for many people to buckle humble for the time it takes to earn his or hers degree.A fear for many is that the debt someone will leave college with will be unmanageable. The reasoning for this being unemployment commits as well as the fear of how long it will take to pay off his or hers debt. Its true unemployment is a crisis that many are set about but its much scarier to be only a high school graduate in the economy currently. The rates of unemployment for a Bachelors degree holder over twenty-five is estimated to be around 4. 4% (Wilson pg. 260). For a high school diploma holder over twenty-five the unemployment rate i s an even greater number at 9. 3% according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (pg. 260).As for paying off the debt accumulated in college, those figures arent as frightening. According to Sandy Baum, a senior analyst at College Board, A student with twenty thousand dollars of debt should be able to make at to the lowest degree that amount in extra earnings in one to two years time simply by having earned a college diploma (qtd. in Wilson). What is the key to unlocking the door for a brighter succeeding(a)? Apparently its a B. A. but if this is the case then why are dropout rates so high? When students are making the decisions to go to college, they are typically pushed to attend college rather than doing so out of free will.These students are the ones that parents, teachers, and counselor counselors assume will succeed the most in that kind of environment. The truth is rather sad when it comes to how the students actually fared in their academic pursuit. Dana Goldstein in her art icle Should exclusively Kids Go to College? informs that only fifty three percent of students actually finish their degree in four years, and half the students that attend a two-year college drop out before finishing. But this isnt the only surprising information she writes about in her article. at that place is another group of students who un same their peers, arent pushed as much into attending college. Kati Haycock, president of Think Tank Trust in Washington, DC, shocks with her statement of, Most schools sill resist the idea that all kids can and should be college-ready. By continuing long-standing practices of sorting and selecting, they created what is essentially an educational caste system- directing countless young people, especially low-income students and students of color, away from college-prep courses and from seeing themselves as college material (qtd. n Goldstein).With these standards devoted in high schools these students pushed away from college will not ever think of themselves as able to perform well in a college environment, which greatly limits their future professionally. Goldstein shows in her article the research showing that with the decline of the manufacturing economy these students are the ones who would gain the most from the four-year college experience. The question is now, why are these students unable to realize their say-so or stay focused in college?Most of the time these teenagers are unable to say what they hope to do with their careers or lives. Going to college isnt easy for anyone without a clear idea of what their striving for, which makes the entire experience even more frustrating for them. So how can these students go into college somewhat knowing what they want to do with their time there? The best solution is to allow these teenagers to explore the professional world while still in high school. If they can do that, then they wont spend extra time or money changing their majors all throughout college unable to decide what their desires are.There is a program that has been implemented in a few schools across the nation called Career and Technical Education or CTE (Goldstein). These programs integrate school with real world occupational instruction so that students can have hands on experience with a job that they would like to pursue in college. The training available to these students includes internships, dual enrollment and hands on work out in the field (Goldstein). All of this is done while in high school accomplishing their high school diploma and getting a head start on college.Programs like the previous are great ideas that the government has been using to assistant these students struggling find their goals. It may be a while until these CTE schools are seen more but at least the students able to take advantage of them are showing the country how beneficial the programs are. With ideas like this, it is possible to cut down on the money and time wasted during college for someo ne who isnt positive they would like to be there. It also allows the students who are judged due to unfair standards to prove that they are college material and able to do great things.There would be less inquire about whether or not they want to attend college because they have experience with the career of their choosing and are able to map out their future much more clearly. Overall the idea is yes, higher education is worth the price. The Bachelors degree alone can take someone to higher levels than just a high school diploma. College is costly, it is time consuming, and it is hard but when someone is dedicated it becomes increasingly easier.The solutions to making college more achievable for everyone isnt ever going to be easy but there are steps that can be taken in the right direction. As long as students arent discriminated against or pushed into something they are unsure of, when the time is right for them to attend college they will do so in a way that will benefit them t he most. Add in programs like the Career and Technical Education schooling and these students can come out on top ready for the work force. Higher education may not be for everyone, but for the people who do take the challenge reap benefits for the rest of his or hers lives.

Airborne: United States Postal Service and Express Mail

A five force analysis consists of five parts being little terror of substitutes, ease of entry and exit, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, and degree of rivalry. The threat of substitutes for melodic lineborne, in the domesticated pull up escape trade, came from two other man-sized firms catereral articulate and the United Postal Service. plyEx, UPS, and airborne together held an 85% market sh atomic number 18. Fedex held roughly 45% of the domestic mail market and was considered the industry leader, yet disputed. Their name was synonymous with sending something overnight.Almost like when at a restaurant we order a blast, no matter what the exact brand is the waitress pull up stakes understand what we want. The United Parcel Service, UPS, was the largishst tract actors line connection in the world and held a 25% market sh be of the domestic expedited mail gain. airborne was under the constant threat of substitutes, which were significant. The ease of entry and exit into the expedited mail deli rattling market is very difficult. Planes, trucks, personal, facilities, equipment wholly need to be in place before even peerless big bucks is successfully delivered.Buyers had much bargaining power in that the three largest domestic expedited mail carriers separately asideered resembling products, next morning manner of speaking for time sensitive items. Price, reliability, access to remainsing, guest portion, and convince of falling off locations were all things that the customer many times would consider before choosing their carrier. The bargaining power of suppliers was besides strong. The physical delivery of the piece of land was only a part of the operate offered to customers.The study(ip) companies also made it possible to track packages en route, guarantee on time receipts, and even provide logisticalal consulting services. The degree of rivalry was very intense between these companies, in the earlie r 1990s industry observers called the competition between FedEx and Ups the parcel war. distri scarceively union would non only match each others tolls but also their engineering science and services Factor mobile UPS Fedex Products Offered 1 2 1 Target Customers 1 2 2 Competitive Positioning 3 2 1 Financial Performance 1 1 1Culture 2 1 3 Land Ops 2 1 1 nervous strain Ops 2 1 1 trade and gross sales 2 1 1 Customer Service 1 2 2 IT 3 2 1 Totals 18 14 14 Lowest= outgo airborne is strong in its products offered in always seeming to be on the forefront and targeting customers efficiently. remote FedEx and UPS, Airborne owned the airdrome that served as its major hub in Wilmington, Ohio. As a result Airborne did non devote to pay fees to the airport and could fix any obstacles that they came across at their own rapidity without having to consult with any outside parties.Airborne also differentiated by not having its own retail service c unloads and owning only a portion of their delivery vans. These were both damage saving differentiators, hiring independent contractors to pickup and delivery was 10% less expensive. Airborne did not market to the mass media instead they targeted the personal within companies who were in charge of logistics in order to obtain larger more(prenominal)(prenominal) profitable accounts. Providing flexible, custom solutions for their customers was also a difference in craft plans that Airborne however FedEx and UPS also began to claim this.Ensure that Airborne survives and thrives in the future, the conjunction would need to remain competitive with UPS and Fedex. Airbornes kind with RPS was beneficial beca workout RPS had connections to the heart of UPSs customer base in the form of large loudness transmission line customers. The physical distribution of Airborne and RPS were all in all separate. To survive, I would suggest that Airborne form a stronger relationship not just sharing of marketing and shipping selec tive entropyrmationrmation. How and why has the express mail industry structure evolved in recent geezerhood?How have the changes affected small rivals? The US express mail industry is highly consolidated. 85% of the market is served by 3 service providers. There argon six second tier gambolers who serve the remaining 15%. FedEx and UPS lead the industry in services and innovation. The fol wiped out(p)ing trends have been observed in this Industry. Services A host of services are provided to suit the needs to different businesses. Overnight shipping and next-morning delivery are most popular amongst other services like next- subsequentlynoon delivery and second day service.Same-day and early-next morning services are even salutelier. Shipment volumes have risen over the decade however the rise in revenues has not been complimentary, due to falling prices. Customers it is imperative for businesses to facilitate fast information dissemination. draw out mails have provided a mediu m for establishing this. All businesses and individuals today use this service. Contrary to the traditional belief, items being shipped are high appraise compared to high weight. These items are time-sensitive. Customers have different criterias to decide which service provider to use.With advancements in technology, this industry has compose highly automated, there by providing better customer service with relation to parcel bring in, pick up services etc. The decision matrix generally includes brand name, reliability, price, customer service etc. Customers are generally not loyal as switching personifys are negligible. Operations Most players use the hub-and-spoke model. Major hubs act as collecting grounds for mail from all over America. The mails are then sorted and then sent off to respective destinations.Priority is given to early-next and next-morning mails. Planes land and take off all through the night. Capital expenditure related to a hub is extremely high. Both FedEx and UPS emphasize on improving the classification capacity Airborne Express grew very rapidly in the late 1990s, outperforming both of its main rivals, FedEx and UPS. When evaluating the success of Airborne, it is evident that the organization utilizationed a strategy of junior-gradely cost leadership, utilizing maneuver surrounding efficiencies, cost reductions, market focus, and rigid budgeting.Early in its history, the confederacy targeted a certain market, primarily businesses that shipped large volumes of pressing items to other businesses. This focus allowed Airborne to avoid markets of marginal value. In addition, Airborne retained cost minimization in key functional areas such as technology, marketing, and overhead. Airborne was very selective in their investment in technology and innovation, allowing first adapters to pave the way. The automation they did provide, such as FOCUS and the electronic submission of shipping information, saved money on advertize y reducing manual information entry requirements. Also, Airborne did not advertise in mass media, but quite targeted selective logistics managers of major shippers, creating a courting style sales environment (Airborne, p. 12). This allowed for long term partnerships with repeat business. Overhead was unploughed around 30% less than main rivals. These types of actions, among others performed by Airborne, all point to low cost leadership. When analyzing the di survey of resources in the firm, Airborne has strong tangible, intangible, and capability resources in their favor.For example, Airborne owned the airport that served as its major hub, including the warehouses that surrounded the airport, which they leased to business customers (Airborne, p. 11). In addition, Airborne owned a egest of 175 aircraft, although apply they provided Airborne the opportunity to personalize the outfitting of each aircraft to their cargo needs. Airborne also owned a portion of its delivery trucks, victimisa tion independent contractors to provide balance on labor costs, fuel, and truck maintenance. A lack of unions in the hub also kept labor costs down.A niche market of large embodied clients with solid sales relationships was among the capability resources. Along with a large amount of equity and cash, Airborne was placed to be a very strong federation. While there are many threats to the sustainability of low cost leadership, one of the biggest threats is imitation, especially in businesses using the internet (DLE, p. 177). Airborne, due to its business model, was both subject to and resistive to this threat. Because it waited for others to test new technologies first, Airborne reaped the benefits of rivals work.For example, Airborne created a software system, its Freight On-Line Control and modify System (FOCUS), which imitated Federal Express COSMOS, and allowed customers to trace packages themselves rather than rely on company representatives. Because Airborne tailor-made its innovation practices after already successful programs, they challenged rivals sustainability in the market. On the other hand, Airborne also true new technologies, like those associated with Xerox scanning and delivery, which gave Airborne the ability to deliver Xerox packages before 8AM.This regularity was easily imitated by FedEx and UPS, which enabled the rivals to provide the same service to their entire customer base, instead of just one client. Airborne was unable to capitalize on the technological advancement after the initial introduction, and therefore, suffered a low cost leadership sustainability threat. - Basic Information ofAirborne Express Case Number 9-798-070 Author Jan W. Rivkin publisher Harvard Business Publishing Year Feb 5, 1998 Course Category Strategy -Case Summaryof Airborne Express 1997 Airborne Express quarterly revenues up by 29%, and YTD net earnings ad increased by more than 500%. Third largest player in express mail industry. Boost from the recent bump into at rival UPS. Fastest growing company in the industry, but thin margins. Federal Express had recently raised prices. Previous socio-economic class Fed Ex and UPS launched new services and pricing schemes o UPS moved to distance-based pricing, with prices raised on long-distance freightages, abaseed on short-distance shipments. Fed Ex followed suit in 1997. Would Airborne? The Express Mail Industry in the United States Services provided include physical shipment of packages, shipment tracking, on-time service guarantees, customs heart-to-heartance expedition, warehousing services, logistics consulting services Customers o Businesses In industries such as financial services and consulting, express mail had become the standard means of delivering docs o Typical shipments business docs, electronic components, medical samples, and replacement parts. o Customer base broadening. Portion of goods considered perishable or time-sensitive change magnitude over time. Accelerat ion in the pace of business increased express volume shipped by each customer. Main consideration factors when deciding whether to ship an item express mail were urgency of shipment and price Carrier selection based off of relative price, carrier reliability, brand name, tracking capabilities, customer service, drop-off whatchamacallum, and/or habit. Discounts based on volume encouraged customers to focus on one carrier. However, customers tend not to be loyal when a contract expires. Operations 1. Large fleet of vans and drivers. Drivers leave central storehouse and collect packages. At point of pick up, hand-held computer use to scan the packages barcode and enter package data.Data transferred to central computer, which determined routing. Package scanned at each subsequent transfer points so that the company could track its progress. 2. Packages driven to airport, placed in containers, which were, in turn, placed on company-operated cargo planes. Upon landing at airport, usua lly around 11 pm, crew, using special equipment, unloaded plane in 20 minutes. Second crew simultaneously servicing plane in prep for outbound escape valve. 3. Cargo containers interpreted to hangar, where packages are sorted according to final examination destination. Labor-intensive.Once sorted, packaged placed in containers and loaded onto planes. Planes typically deduct from 3 am 4 am. Planes landed around 6 am at destination airports. 4. Packages unloaded, distributed to vans, and delivered to final destinations. Lower-priority packages follow slightly different route more likely to travel by truck rather than air. Heavy investment in large hub facilities, air and ground fleets. Devoted to customer service and advanced information systems. Competition Domestic Express Mail Market 3 major players = Fed Ex, UPS, Airborne Express, serving 85% of the market. nd tier players BAX Global, DHL Worldwide Express, Emery Worldwide, Roadway Package System, TNT Express Worldwide, US Postal Service. US Postal Service served much of the remaining 15% of the market, popular due to the convenience of the post office to residential customers. However, prohibited by law from offering volume discounts to business customers. Also, could not track packages efficiently, and poor delivery record. DHL, TNT focus on international market. o DHL offered extensive service in hard-to-reach areas of the globe. Required knowledge of customs procedures and officials to clear customs quickly.Not heavily invested in domestic capabilities. BAX Global, Emery focused on heavy cargo RPS focused on 2-day delivery via a ground lucre, targeting price-sensitive business customers. cognise for efficient ground transport and sophisticated IT. Fax, email Compete on multiple fronts, including prices, products, and customer service Major Competitors Federal Express o 45% domestic express mail market o bill Invented the industry. Prior to founding, express deliveries flew as freig ht in holds of passenger planes. Frederick Smith, proposed an airline dedicated exclusively to express delivery of mail.Argued airlines designed to carry passengers suboptimal for carrying express mail. Any route acceptable for a package as long as it arrives on time. Hub-and-spoke routing more efficient for express mail. Packages would be smooth at a angiotensin converting enzyme airport, sorted, and sent to their destinations. 1971, Federal Express incorporated. Target market focused on small packages, which were largely ignored by other air carriers. High barriers to entry assembling fleet of jets, constructing a hub in Memphis, securing initial customers, and gaining governmental approval in highly regulated airline industry.Service started in April, 1973. 1983, reached $1 one thousand thousand in revenue, the first company to do so within 10 old age of start up, without acquisition. o Technology COSMOS, central computer system, coordinated vehicles, people, packages, route s, and weather information. Supertrackers used by couriers to enter in package info Digitally Assisted Dispatch System (DADS) directed couriers to pickup locations and uploaded info from Supertrackers to COSMOS Gave customers Powership computer terminals and shipping software to prepare shipping paperwork, streamline billing, and track shipments. www. fedex. com o Marketing salesAggressive marketing led to widely recognized mottoes High advertising expenditures + sales reps + money-back guarantee o heap Culture People, Service, ProfitWhen people are placed first, they will provide the highest possible service, and profits will follow. Promoted from within. No layoffs policy. Cross-trained employees and cultivated a large part-time workforce. Extensive employee-training programs Employees given wide latitude to put on decisions on their own. Expected to take risks and resolve problems on own. Emphasis on communication. FXTV broadcast daily company news, weather conditions, com petition info, etc.Formal compensation system. Managers incentive pay based on performance against negotiated objectives, employee satisfaction playacting a significant role. Hourly workers were also eligible for bonuses. o International Ventures 1985, Fred Smiths flock of global delivery of express mail. However, expensive. 1992, overseas operating losses topped $600 million, so company scaly back. Relied on partner companies to complete deliveries. United Parcel Service (UPS) o Largest package delivery company in the world, but most volume not express mail, traveled via ground network. History Founded in 1907 as a messenger service. Repositioned itself as the delivery arm of major department stores. 1950s auto ownership widespread, retail stores moved to suburbs. Repositioned again around common carrier service to deliver parcels in general, not just department store deliveries, by truck. Only reached goal of complete national reporting in mid-eighties, due to legal and reg ulatory battles to deliver within and between states. 1953, coupled ground network with cargo services of major airlines to offer two-day delivery service. 1981, purchases first aircrafts. 987, took direct control of all air operations. USPS viewed as main rival. Focused on reducing costs since rates were highly regulated. Charged single price to all customers. Saved money by picking up at companys convenience and not investing in collecting info (could not track packages easily). Late 1980s/early 1990s, refocused around customer service and invested in aircrafts, sorting infrastructure, and technology, in order to compete with Fed Ex. Radically and successfully restructured. o Operations Hub in Louisville, KY, with 5 regional air hubs around the US.Speculated that UPS sorting and routing facilities were highly automated and employed the latest technology. Single fleet of trucks handled pickup and delivery of all UPS shipments. o Technology determined to match Fed Exs information co llection capabilities, invested $3 billion in advanced technology between 1990 and 1995. Resulted in ability to track packages efficiently, deliver electronic validation of delivery, and offer money-back guarantee of on-time delivery. Internet site rivaled Fed Exs o Marketing Sales No marketing department before 1980, with little to no advertising 1996, spend 80% more on media than Fed Ex People Culture owned by managers and managed by owners privately owned, with stemma issued to company managers, and, as of 1995, nonmanagement employees as well. Promote from within The Policy Book, emphasized management by consensus and an ethic of humility High wages kept labor-management relationships good. 1997, drivers among best paid, largely in part to union involvement. 16-day labor strike flooded competitors business. Resolution favored labor, with an increase in full-time positions, as well as full-time and part-time wages over a five-year period.Ramifications of strike included $7 00 million in disjointed revenue and poor reputation for absolute reliable delivery. o International Operations Invested heavily in developing global distribution network, and, even with high operating losses, seemed committed. Airborne Express Often overlooked, but growing faster than competitors in mid-1990s, with 16% of domestic express mail market in 1997. History o 1968, The Airborne Flower Traffic Association of California (shipped fresh flowers from Hawaii to mainland) and Pacific Air Freight (delivered perishables to/from Alaska) merged to form Airborne Freight Corporation.Prior to Fed Ex, most successful in express mail industry. o Target business customer that regularly shipped a large volume of urgent items, primarily to other business locations. Example Xerox Operations o Owned airport that served a major hub. Did not pay landing fees and no obstacles to tailoring the facility to its needs. However, did need to maintain airport itself, and did not share expenses with other airlines. o Leased warehouse space on airport station (Fed Ex and UPS offered warehousing options as well, bot not onsite at airport) o Sorting operations less automated, more human labor-intensive.Unions represented app. Half of workforce, including all pilots. o Fleets consisted primarily of used aircraft, built in mid-sixties and 1970s. Patented cargo containers did not require cargo door. Aircraft run app. 80% full (vs. competitors 65-70%). Costs of flight did not vary by amount of cargo carried. o Shippers and recipients concentrated in metropolitan areas. o Greater portion of volume = afternoon and second-day deliveries, so could use trucks more than competitors (30% volume never on plane, vs Fed Exs 15%).. Cost of a truck 1/3 that of aircraft. strange competitors, did not maintain retail service centers and owned/operated only a portion of its delivery vans. fencesitter contractors 60-65% volume, and 10% less expensive than company-owned pick up and delivery. Techn ology o Invested selectively. Let competitors test innovations and introduced themselves if clear benefit derived. o Freight On-Line Control and Update System (FOCUS) comparable to Fed Exs COSMOS o Offered high-volume shippers software which tied directly into FOCUS, allowing customers to track packages and to submit shipping info themselves as opposed to engaging service agents. Website not as comprehensive as competitors Marketing Sales o Did not advertise in mass media. Targeted logistics managers of major shippers via sales force. o Known for low prices o Mid-1990s, the flexible, solution-oriented express carrier with an ability to tailor its services to needs of large business customers. However, Fed Ex and UPS offered 8 am service to any customer for a surcharge, as well as claimed to be able to tailor services to customer needs too. People Culture o humility International Operations o More modest than Fed Ex and UPS. Used commercial airlines and topical anesthetic part ners to complete shipments RPS Relationship o RPS targeted the ground transport needs of large-volume business customers, whittling at UPS customer base. Offered low prices, superior info and tracking capabilities. Tried to intro air operations, but folded after large losses. o Companies physical distribution systems remained separate. Cooperation in marketing process and sharing of shipment info. However, hinted at a adpressed alliance. Airbornes Future Postal Service had performed well during UPS strike and success seemed to reawaken its ambitions.Planned major advertising blitz to promote express services. Petitioning government to grant volume discounts. UPS was expected to make play to recoup volume. UPS strike had shaken customers loyalty to a single company for shipping needs. - Case depth psychologyof Airborne Express 1. How and why has the structure of the express mail industry evolved in recent years? How have the changes affected small competitors? How has the rivalr y between FedEx and UPS impacted them and the rest of the industry? Business and individuals spent $16-17 billion on express mail within the US in 1996.Shipment volumes had risen 15-20% per year for a decade. Services had proliferated by delivery time. Service is not limited to physical delivery. It also includes warehouseing services and logistics consulting services. Express Mail Industry 1. 16-17 billion on expedited shipments in US in 1996. 2. Shipment volumes had risen 15-20% per year for a decade. 3. Services had proliferated by delivery time. 4. Service is not limited to physical delivery. It also includes tracking services, warehouseing services, logistics consulting services and expedited customs clearance for international shipments. . Shipping companies competed on the basis of time-to-market, eg. Increased volume shipped by and to each customer. 6. Customers concern when choose a shipping service includes price, reliability, brand name, access to tracking, customer servi ce, convenience of drop-off, and sheer habit. 7. Shipping companies owns vans, drivers, and aircrafts. They have hub airports. They employ the advanced logistic technology. 8. FedEx, UPS and Airborne were the Big Three in the industry, together served more than 85% of the market. 9. Invested in global distribution system. 10.Originally set one price for any customer, evolved into distance pricing (ie. Lower prices for shorter distance deliveries) Different company target different markets. To survive, small company must find their differentiation in the industry (ie. DHL specialised in international shipping RPS specialized in ground transport 2 day deliveries). FedEx overnight delivery cutting-edge information and logistic technology Hubs customer self help aggressive marketing strategy no layoff policy expectant customer services employees wide latitude of decision making incentive pay employ both part time and full time international expansion.UPS ground services largest delive ry company in the world followed FedEx to purchase their own aircraft started to advertising stock owned by managers and not for open trade employ both part time and full time international operation. Parcel Wars Fedex and UPS copied and time-tested to beat each other in pricing, products and services. When one lowered prices, the other followed and created some other promotional material to outdo the offer. As a result, small companies need to find their specialty in the market. They will also have employ advanced technology and logistic system and provide great/special customer services. . How has Airborne survived, and recently prospered, in this industry? Airborne targeted the business customer that regularly shipped a large volume of urgent items, primarily to other business locations (mainly 50 metroplitans). They were known for their low prices. They cut cost in many ways having their own airport leasing warehouse space to customers hiring part-time employee purchasing us ed aircrafts load more per flight than rivals no retail service center using independent contractors a little bit late delivery time no advertising picking the technology after FedEx and UPS tested.They provided flexible, solution oriented service to customers. 3. Quantify Airbornes sources of advantage. Part-time salary is 7/hour, compared to FedExs 8/hour. Run aircraft 80% full, compared to typically 65-70%. 80-85% of the volume was shipped to 50 metropolitan, compared to FedExs 60% 30% of the volume was not shipped by airplanes, compared to FedExs 15%. The cost of a running a truck is 1/3 of the cost of owning and operating a similar amount of aircraft capacity. Use of independent contractors accounted for 60-65% of volume using contractors cost them 10% less than doing work themselves. No advertising cost. Drivers picked up more parcels than Fedex resulting in lower labor costs per unit by 20% for pickup and 10% for delivery. Besides, owning their own airport would a bi g advantage in control and operating cost. 4. What must Robert brasier, Airbornes President and COO, do in order to strengthen the companys position? Provider recommendations that will strengthen Airbornes position in this industry.Evidently, Airborne needs to employee advanced technology and explore the global business. Robert Brazier needs to make sure that Airborne will still hold their advantages in the global business. 5. In retrospect, we know that Airbornes position was not sustainable and the company was acquired by DHL. What were early clues almost the lack of Airbornes sustainability? Will the DHL/Airborne combination be an effective competitior against FedEx and UPS? One early clue less efficient that Fedex/UPS in on-time deliveries. Should have invested more in technology. Lack of global vision/awareness.Inability to adapt to market 80% of volume delivered to major metropolitan areas, not servicing ALL customers. Did not take full advantage of opportunity with RPS de al kept arms length deal. Should have leveraged relationship to increase technology and cust base to gain market share. The DHL/Airborne combination could be an effective competitor again FedEx and UPS, although they have their own specialty and targeting markets. DHL does well in the international market, but its domestic business is not strong. Airborne and DHL could be a strong plus to each other.

Beneath the Pipes Essay

When Ralphs teacher Mrs. Pitt announced that his class was firing on a field trip he matt-up a surge of happiness and in that respect was an immediate buzz of excitement throughout the class of bakers dozen and fourteen year old children. However, the following wrangling which escaped the teachers mouth did non engender the same kind of enthusiasm. The class were disappointed that visiting the brand new Monster vale theme park, was non on the agenda.A curly ginger boy, whose surprisingly tall figure appeared to be made solely of knees and elbows, stepped off the bus as his eye caught the sign that read NORTH HELLWITH sewer WORKS. Ralph sighed in chorus with his only friend Callum. Callums frame was stout and his pale bet was painted with spots and freckles. The class was approached by a man who wore an unpleasant grin.Good afternoon children, his words penetrated like when a wooden chair is dragged across a gym floor. Ralph gave Callum a profound amusing look and so turned h is vigilance sanction to the leering man. I am your guide for this disco biscuit of the sewage works, my name is Mr. Red. On a closer inspection, it came to Ralphs attention that the man had a tail which spouted from the back of his trousers. Nobodies perfect thought Ralph.It seemed that Ralph was not the only pupil losing inte symmetry on the subdue of how many light bulbs were in the various dwells of the works.Callum was trying to reach his attention.Ralph, Im tireMe too came the reply.Im offNo youre not, as Ralph said this he recalled memories of Callum achieving other inappropriate feats and began to wonder if this statement would stand. Perhaps you are, but Im not.Callum glanced just about him and when his teacher had turned her back he strolled outside(a) purposefully. Ralph moaned and darted after him like a lion that had its favorite(a) luncheon snatched from under its nose.Ralph followed Callum into a pitch black room.Callum, get here nowAre you frighten?Of cours e notCome on so there was a patter of feet and then Ralph perceive a sudden, AAAARRRRGGHHHH. Ralph fell on the floor in terror and confusion. He began searching on hold and knees for his glasses which had fallen off his head. As he crawled he felt his hand squelch into something cracked without pausing to consider what this mess could have been he scampered on with an unpleasant smell surrounding him amidst the dark.Callum? he waited for threesome or four seconds to pass and then Callum? Callum? still there came no reply, Ralphs stomach slipped bygone his trembling knees. In a dazed panic he darted upright and sprinted for the exit to break the rest of his class. What Ralph didnt know, is that he was running the opposite way from which he entered.Ralph fell with a thud and glanced back at the stairs he had fallen down. It was still very hard to see but there was an eerie red glow leaking from the walls. He began to whimper and it was not too presbyopic before his whimpers b ecame tears.Ralph pulled himself unneurotic and dried his eyes with a chewed sleeve. He looked up at the stairs and remembered those dark rooms, so he took the alternative route and continued along the boardwalk he found himself on he convinced himself that he would find someone anyone to help him. But he didnt.Finding the boardwalk spiralling downwards, Ralph broke into a sweat and started to run. A dim red glow lost itself in a mysterious humid fog. The walls began to deconstruct and turn out to a cave wall.The red glow started to get brighter and brighter still as he tunnelled further down the stairs the ground. After what seemed like a lifetime, Ralph gratefully found himself at the opening to a huge sleeping accommodation and he could hear faint voices in the unconnected. The first thing he noticed about the room was the disgusting smell of raw sewage. He ran to find the owners of the voices but as he got closer he realised the talking was exceptionally deep and croaky. He launched himself round several corners to the increasingly clarion sounds until,OOOFFFFF he was stopped dead in his tracks and fell to the cold hard floor. When he opened his eyes he screamed, AAAARRRGH he was staring into the eyes of a completely red demon which had two horns and a gigantic nose. Ralph was tall but it towered over him it must have been three multiplication his size and twenty times stronger.LOOK WHAT WE GOT ERE the beast snarled and beckoned to others just as threatening. WHAT WE GONNA DO WITH IM? BEEN A WHILE SINCE WE HAD ONE OF THESE. take in IM said a second, Ralph squealed.RIP HIS BONES APART a large drop of saliva let go of the demons face onto Ralphs leg.NO, WE AVE TO GIVE IM TO THE KING, HED HAVE OUR give chase IF HE EVER FOUND OUT WE ATE IM WITHOUT SHARING. Murmurs of understanding and self pity were perceive amongst the gathering demons. Ralph felt himself hoisted up and they carried him off, he fought desperately with flying legs and arms.Ralph was l aunched into a cave walled electric cell with long iron bars at the front. A rusty door slammed shut behind him. He looked almost the cell and to his terror in the shadows he saw the shape of a demon.RELAX, it croaked, THE NAMES GODFREY, GODFREY JONES AND YOU ar? Ralph moved across the cell so a red beam of light fell on the demons face. It looked like he had been crying and for some reason, Ralph pitied him.Ralph Marving came the reply. And so the conversation continued for some time, of course, time was not an important factor in the demon world. Ralph became to like and admire Godfrey. Godfrey had been locked up because he was one of the rebels who did not believe in feeding and building houses out of human waste. They were living amongst the hills in caves, hiding from the standard demon society.The deep talk with Godfrey was not to last too long, they were interrupted by the wailing of a child. Shouts and curses were heard everywhere as the boy was thrown in the cell. Ralph smiled. It was Callum. They rejoiced when they saw each other and then the introductions began.Were getting out of hereHow?These demons may be powerful, but theyre not possible contenders for brain of Britain.OINo offence meantHes watching us, the huddle shifted further away from the halt standing at the door.So?Callum, youre going to wind up Godfrey. Godfrey youre going to hit Callum, only youre not really hitting him. Okay?I SUPPOSEThe fight back will hopefully open the door and try to stop the fight and I will breed and launch myself on his back and grab the keys from his belt.Sounds easy enoughMeanwhile, you two run agone the guard and make for the exit I will let go of the demon and run. When I get past you, slam the door shut and I will lock it, right?RightRIGHTCallum and Godfrey began their argument. It was agnise that neither of them were natural actors. Yet sure enough, the door opened and in walked the guard. The next part of the plan, however, did not go accordingl y. Ralph made a leap for the keys but the demon was too tall. It turned its unwanted attention towards Ralph, who backed off. Godfrey threw himself courageously at the demon the two of them fell plundering to the ground with a loud thud. The stout figure of Callum darted in and grabbed the keys.YOU MUST GO I CANT HOLD HIM shovel inNoTHE HUMAN WORLD IS NOT MY WORLD, GO I BELONG IN THE HILL CAVES, Ralph would consider no more, he was grabbed by Callum and they ran and ran for an exit. He turned to look back and saw demons flooding into the cell and his heart felt heavy.After minutes of running they were exhausted but the way was clear. Fortunately, it was easy to find their way to the corridor that led upwards. Callum and Ralph paced themselves up the spiralling corridor with the red ambience growing thinner. The shouts behind them diminished. They eventually reached the boardwalk and were too old-hat to continue running so they came to a halt.What time is it? Callum lifted his che wed sleeve and his battered watch read, two minutes past three they looked at each other in astonishment. The six hours which had passed seemed to have stretched to days.If were quick we may just make the bus back to school so the two of them, one time again, heaved their bodies forward. When they arrived at the entrance to the sewage works, Callum heaved a sigh of relief. The air was cooler, fresher and moist, it strew itself on their faces gratefully.They scratchy the class lining up next to the bus, it was apparent that a head count was being done. They move to mingle into the group unnoticed but Mrs. Pitt was aware of their presence.Callum, Ralph, where on Earth have you been? she snapped.Well -, Ralph begun, then he considered the reality of his adventure. We got lost.The class boarded the bus and Ralph and Callum landed themselves on a tattered seat. Ralph take a breath on the window and wiped it. Just for one moment, he thought he saw a distant red object, disappearing o ver the valley towards the hills which stood boldly above the landscape.